Turbine.



No. r190,000.

W/ TNE SSE S.'

A. DAVIDSON. TURBINE.

APPLIUATION FILED APB.. 25, 1903. BENEWED APB. 13,1905.

PATBNTED MAY'zs, 1905.V j

` asHEETs-SHBET 1'.

ATTOHNE PATENTED MAY 23, l1905. A.A DAVIDSON. TURBINE APBLIOATION FILED APR.25.1oa. -nmxwnn APB.'13.1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wl TNE SSE S.'

' Y Arm/mfr.

` No. 790,080. PATBNTED v10030.20, 1905.

- A. DAVIDSON.

y TURBINE.' APPLIOATION FILED APB. 25.1903. RBNEWED APB. 13.1905.

SBHBETB-SHEET 3.

l UNITED .STATES Patented May 23, 190.5.

PATENT OFFICE.

ARCHER DAVIDSON, OF WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTINGHOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 790,680, dated May 23, 1905.

Application iiled April 25, 1903. Renewed April 13, 1905. Serial No. 255,451.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ARCHER DAVIDSON-a -citizen of the United States, and a resident of I/Vilkinslourg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved Turbine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a turbine for deriving energy from elastic fluids under m0- tion. It is particularly adapted for use in connection with steam; and theI object sought 'is to so construct and arrange the parts as to having, preferably, a plurality of annular series of nozzles each associated with a group `of stationary vanes on the casing and moving buckets on the drum, so that the steam passes from one set of nozzles through the corresponding vanes and buckets to the second set of` nozzles, varies, and buckets, and so on through the turbine, each set of nozzles, vanes, and buckets increasing in capacity toward the exhaustend of the turbine, thus-allowing for the expansion of the steam, and

the exhaust end of the turbine having a sesies of buckets on the drum and stationary vanes on the casing past which the steam moves when it leaves the last set of nozzles and their corresponding buckets and vanes. A certain peculiar steam-tight connection is effected between the drum and casing, so that the steam is held as nearly as possible on the correctA path of movement, and such leakage as may occur is either returned to apart of ythe turbine where it may be yet utilized, or

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section showing certain of the coacting vanes and buckets and one ofthe nozzles thereof, this view being partly on the line 3 3 of Fig. 4; and Fig. 4 is afragmentary circumferential section taken on the line '44 of Fig. 3.

The turbine comprises a stationary exterior casing 10, adapted to be suitably mounted (by means not shown) and formed with bearings 11, in which are mounted the journals 12 of the rotating drum 14, which is mounted within the casing 10. The journals 12 are formed by the ends of a shaft 12"', on which the drum 14 is fixed', and 12l indicates means for preventing the leakage of steam between the said shaft and the casing 10.

15 indicates a threaded bearing for receiving the axial strains on the drum 14.

16 indicates the steam-inlet chamber, which is formed in the casing 10, and 17 indicates the casing-exhaust, to which leads a pipe 18,` passingfrom the opposite or inlet end of the casing, as shown, and serving to ,carry oif such gral with or fastened to the interior of the perfect freedom of revolution, but preventing leakage between the nozzle rings and the drum. The nozzles ofthe ring 19 lead directly from an annular steam-chamber 22 in communication with the steam-inlet chamber 16, such chamber 22 passing completely around the easing 10. At the discharge side of each nozzle-ring is arranged a group of buckets and vanes, as shown best in Fig. 1. According to the present construction in each of said groups there are two annular rows of buckets 23 of eoncaVo-convex cross-sectional form and spaced from each other, these buckets being fastened to or formed integral with the periphery of the drum 14 and having at their outer ends shrouds or rings 23, which lie, respectively, in the planes of the rows of buckets. `-In each of said groups of buckets and vanes a single annular row of vanes 24 is arranged, these rows of vanes being fastened to the stationary casing 10 and lying between the respective pairs of rows of buckets, tlie vanes being of concave-convex cross-sectional form and oppositely disposed to the buckets 23. Said vanes are connected at their outer ends by shrouds or rings 24', corresponding to the shrouds 23, all of said shrouds lying beyond the ends of the buckets and vanes, so as to leave unobstructed the space for the passage of the steam between the vanes and buckets. This construction is fully shown in Figs.

3 and 4, in which latter view is illustrated the relative position of the buckets and vanes with respect to each other and to the nozzles, and by the arrows the course of the steam may be traced. As the steam passes through the iirst group of buckets and vanes it enters the annular chamber 25, which is lovcated at the feed side of the nozzle-ring 20, and after traversing the nozzles of this ring and the corresponding buckets and vanes thereof the steam enters a third annular chamber 26, leading to the nozzle-ring 21 and its appurtenant buckets and vanes. In each group the length of the buckets and vanes is gradually increased, as is the cross-sectional area of the nozzles of each succeeding ring, until after passing the third nozzle-ring and its appiirtenances the steam enters an annular chamber 27. Outward from said chamber 27 are arranged a number of annular rows of buckets 28, fastened to the drum 14 and having between them rows of vanes 29, fastened to the stationary casing 10. These vanes and buckets are of concavo-convex cross-sectional form, andtheir relative positions are best shown in Fig. 4. Said vanes and buckets according to the construction here illustrated are in three groups, each of which is successively increased in length, thus allowing for the eX- pansion of the steam as it passes these parts. After the steam passes the last row of buckets 28 it enters the chamber 30, of which the eX- haust 17 is a continuation.

At the left-hand or front side of the first nozzle-ring 19 are formed interengaging ribs 14 and 10, respectively, on the drum 14 and easing 10, these parts allowing free rotation of the drum, but preventing the leakage of the steam forward from the chambers 22 and 25. These interengaging ribs are divided by two annular chambers 31 and 32, which are open to receive such steam as may leak past the ribs. Frein said chambers 31 and 32 d ucts 33 and 34 pass, respectively, to the chambers 26 and 27, before described. so that any steam which may possibly leak into the chambers 31 and 32 is yet utilized in its expanded condition by passi-ng it from the chambers 26 and. 27 through the remaining groups of buckets and thence into the exhaust. If any part of the steam should pass the extreme front end of the drum, this steam will be led out from the front end of the casing 10 by the pipe 18, before described.

The parts being constructed and assembled as described, the operation of tlie turbine will .the thorough utilization of the kinetic force of the steam and for the expansive action thereof, the steam as it passes from the various nozzle-rings being caused to impinge against the alternately-moving buckets and stationary vanes in the manner indicated best in Fig. 4. By the interengaging ribs arranged with respect to the other parts, as shown, leakage is reduced to a minimum, and such steam as may leak past the nozzle-rings is, nevertheless, led back to that part of the turbine where it may be made yet to give up its energy.

Various changes in the form, proportions, and minor details of my invention may be resorted to at will without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Hence I consider myself entitled to all such variations as may lie within the intent of my claims.

Having thus described my invention, lclaiin as new and desii'e to secure by Letters Patent-- 1. A turbine, comprising a stationary casing, a rotating drum therein, a plurality of nozzle-rings set between the casing and drum and having diagonal nozzles therein, and a group of coacting vanes and buckets for each nozzle-ring, the buckets being fastened to the drum and the vanes to the easing.

2. Aturbine, comprising an exterior casing, a rotatable drum therein, a plurality of inembers located at different points in the turbine between the casing and druin and having each a nozzle therein, and a series of buckets for each of said nozzle members, said buckets being located at the discharge sides thereof and being' attached to the drum, and a series of vanes for each series of buckets, the vanes being attached to the casing.

3. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a rotatable drum therein, a plurality of nozzle- IOO rings bearing between the drum and casing, the turbine being formed-with annular cham` bers located respectively at the front sides of the nozzle-rings and said rings having diagonal nozzles passing therethrough, a plurality l of groups of buckets attached to the drum and lying respectively at the discharge sides of the nozzle-rings, and an additional group of buckets attached to the drum adjacent to the exhaust end of the turbine, and the turbine' 4 having an annular chamber spacing said addi' tional buckets from the grou p adjacentthereto. 4. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a rotatable drum therein, a plurality of nozzlerings bearing between the drum and casing, and having diagonal nozzles therein, the tur-- bine also having annular chambers located i respectively at the front sides of the nozzlerings, a plurality of groups of coacting vanes and buckets, said groups being located respectively at the discharge sides of the nozzle-rings and the buckets thereof being attached to the drum and the vanes to the casing, the turbine also having -an annular chamber at the discharge side of the last group of vanes and buckets, and an additional group of coacting vanes and buckets located at the-exhaust side of the last-named chamber and attached, the buckets to the drum and the vanes to the exterior casing. v

5. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a rotatable drum therein, a' plurality of nozzle-` rings bearing between the drum and casing and having diagonal'nozzles therein, a group fof buckets for each nozzle-ring, said buckets being attached to the drum and the turbinev having a chamber at the feed side of each nozzle-ring, an additionalI group yof buckets atv' y tached to the drum ad jacent-t0 the exhaust end 40 f of the turbine, the turbine having an additional chamber at the feed side of the last- .named group of buckets and the turbine-having means for reducing the leakage of steam between the drum and casing at the feed end ,of the turbine and also having two annular chambers at said means for receiving the leakage, andtwo-ducts passing respectively from .said chambers and leading the leakage to two of the first-named chambers, whereby to util-- vize the [leakage upon t-he buckets related to the chambers to which the ducts lead.

6. A tur'bine,comprising an exterior casing, ,a revoluble drum therein,.a plurality 0I nozzle-rings located between the drum and casing andV having each a diagonally-disposed nozzle passing therethrough, groups of vanes and buckets located at the discharge side of each nozzle-ring and comprising each two buckets attached to the'drum, and a vane attached to the casing and projectinginward between said buckets.

7. A turbine, comprising an-exterior casing, a rotatable drum therein, a nozzle-ring lying between the drum and casing,a series of buckets attached to the drumand lying at the discharge side of the nozzle-ring, the turbine having a chamber formed at the'exhaust side of saidseries of buckets, a second series of buckets lying at the side of the chamber opposite the first-named buckets and attached to the drum, and vanes attached to the casing and lying between the'buckets.

8. A turbine,comprising an exterior casing, a shaft revolubly mounted therein, means for preventing leakage between the shaft and casing, a drum attached to the shaft, coacting buckets and vanes carried by the drum and casing, means at the feed end of the turbine for reducing the leakage between the drum and casing, the turbine having an annular -chamber formed around the drum adjacent to -duit passing from said chamber and leading steam therefrom to certain of said bucketsy and vanes, and a second conduit passing from the feed end ofthe casing beyond the drum to the turbine-exhaust.

l0. A turbine, comprising an exterior cas-` ing, a revoluble shaft therein, means for preventing leakage between the shaft and casing, a drum attached to the shaft Vand located in the casing, means at the feed end of the turbine for preventing leakage between the casing and drum, and a Vconduit outward from said means and extending toward and into'` the lower pressure part of the turbine to lead the waste steam tliereinto.` Y

11. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a revoluble shaft therein, means for preventing leakage between the shaft and casing, adrum attachedto the shaft and located in -the casing, means at the feed end of the turbine for preventing leakage between the casing and drum, a conduit outward from said means and extending toward and into the -lower pressure part of the turbine to lead the waste steam `thereinto, anda means extending from the feed end of thecasing outward from the drum and leading to the turbine-exhaust.

l2. A turbine, comprising an vexterior casing, a shaft revolubly mounted therein, adrum attached to the shaft, buckets carried by the drum, means at theV feed end of the turbine for reducing leakage between the drum and the casing, the turbine having an annular chamber extending around the drum adjacent to said means'for reducing the leakage, aconduit passing from said chamber and leading the steam therefrom to certain of said b uckets, and a second conduit passing from the feed end of the casing beyond the drum to the turbine-exhaust.

13. A turbine, comprising an exterior easing, a rotatable drum therein, a nozzle-ring' lying between the drum and casing, a series of buckets attached to the drum and lying at the discharge side of the nozzle-ring, the turbine having a chamber formed at the exhaust side of the series of buckets, and a second series of buckets attached to the drum and lying at the side of the chamber opposite the firstnamed buckets.

14. A turbine, comprising an exterior easing, a shaft revolubly mounted therein, means for preventing leakage between the shaft and casing, a drum attached to the shaft, a series of buckets attached to the drum, means at the feed end of the turbine for reducing the leakage between the drum and easing, the turbine having an annular chamber extending around the drum adjacent to the said means for reducing leakage, and a conduit passing from said chamber and leading steam therefrom to certain of said buckets.

15. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a drum having journals revolubly mounted in the ends of the casing, buckets attached to the drum, means at the feed end of the casing for reducing leakage between the drum and casing, and means for reducing leakage between the .feed end of the casing and the adjacent journal.

16. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a drum having journals revolubly mounted in the ends of the casing, buckets attached to the drum, means at the feed end of the casing for reducing leakage between the drum and casing, means for reducing leakage between the feed end of the casing and the adjacent journal, and means passing from the feed end of the casing beyond the exhaust end of the drum for carrying' off the steam that may leak past the same.

17. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a drum having journals mounted in the ends of the casing, a plurality of series of buckets carried by the drum, means for preventingleakage of steam between the feed end of the casing and the adjacent journal, means for preventing leakage between the feed end of the casing and the drum, the turbine having an annular chamber adjacent to the said means for preventing leakage between the drum and easing, and a conduit passing from said annular chamber, the conduit leading to one of the series of buckets on the drum, for the purpose specified.

18. A turbine, comprising an exterior casing, a drum having journals mounted in the ends of the casing, a plurality of series of buckets attached to the drum, means for preventing leakage between the feed end of the casing and the adjacent journal, means for preventing leakage between the feed ends of the casing and the drum, the turbine having an annular chamber adjacent to said means for preventing leakage between the casing and drum, a conduit passing from said turbine to one of the series of buckets, and means for carrying off from the feed end of the casing the steam that may leak past the feed end of the drum.

19. A turbine, comprising a stationary casing, a rotatable drum therein, a nozzle-ring set between the drum and casing and having a nozzle therein, and a group of coacting vanes and buckets, the buckets being fastened to the drum and the vanes to the casing.

20. A turbine, comprising a stationary casing, a rotatable drum therein, a nozzle-ring set between the drum and casing and having a nozzle therein, two annular series of buckets attached to the d ruin and spaced from each other, and an annular series of vanes attached to the casing and lying between the said series of buckets, the vanes and buckets being juxtaposed to the nozzle.

21. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises agents whereby the thermal energy of the working iiuid entering it is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and the energy due to said velocity is fractionally abstracted and instrumentalities receiving the iuid from the last of said agents whereby it is fractionally expanded.

22. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises agents whereby the thermal energy of the working iiuid entering it is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and translated into rotary motion and a plurality of alternate rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the iuid after leaving the last of said stages is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion.

23. In a parallel-How elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises agents whereby a definite proportion of the working-Huid pressure is converted into velocity fractionally abstracted and translated into rotary inotion, and a plurality of alternate rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the iuid received from the last of said stages is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion.

24. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises agents whereby a deiinite proportion of the fluid-pressure is converted into velocity, fractionally abstracted and translated into rotary motion, and a plurality of alternate rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the iiuid received from the last of said stages is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion` 25. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a plurality of successive stages eachv of which comprises and converted into rotary motion.

26. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises agents whereby a portion of the Huid-pressure is converted into velocity and translated into rotary motion and instrumentalities receiving it is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion.

27. In a parallel-How elastic-fluid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each 'ol" which comprises agents whereby a certain portion of the liuidpressure is converted into velocity fractionally abstracted and translated into rotary motion and instrumentalities receiving the fluid from the last of said stages whereby itis fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion.

28. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises a plurality of stationary nozzles whereby a portion of the liuid-pressure is converted into velocity and agents whereby the energy due to said velocity is fractionally abstracted, and a plurality of rows of moving blades and stationary vanes whereby the fluid received from the last of said stages is fractionally expanded.

29. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises divergent nozzles"whereby a portion of the tluidpressure is converted into velocity and agents whereby the energy due to said velocity is fractionally abstracted and converted into rotary motion, and a plurality ot' instrumentalities receiving the fluid from the last of said stages whereby it is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion.

30. In an elastic-luidturbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises a plurality of annularly-disposed nozzles whereby a portion of the fluid-pressure is converted into velocity and agents receiving the liuid from said nozzles whereby the energy due to said velocity is fractionally abstracted, and instrumentalities receiving the liuid from the last of said stages whereby it is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion by impact and reaction.

31. In an elastic-iiuid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises instrumentalities whereby a portion of the pressure of the working fluid entering it is transformed into velocity and agents whereby said velocity is fractionally abstracted, and alternate rows of moving blades and stationary vanes whereby the liuid leav-ing the lastof said stages is fractionally expanded both in said moving and stationary rows.

32. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of ywhich comprises agents whereby a portion of the thermal ,energy ot the working iiuid is converted intov kinetic energy in the formof velocity fractionally abstracted and translated into rotary motion, and a plurality of movable and stationary instrumentalities receiving the fluid from the last of said stages whereby it is fractionall y expanded in both said moving and stationary instrumentalities and converted into rotary motion.

33. In a parallel-How elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises agents whereby a definite proportion of the thermal energy of the working uid is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and fractionally abstracted, and a plurality of alternate rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the iiuid received from the last of said stages is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion; said expansions occurring both between the vanes in the stationary rows and. the blades in the moving rows.

34C. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises a plurality ofstationary agents whereby a portion of the thermal energy of the working fiuid is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and agents whereby the energy due to said velocity is absorbed, and a plurality of rows of moving blades and stationary vanes whereby the iiuid received from the last of said stages is fractionally expanded.

35. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a plurality of successive stages. each of which comprises agents whereby a portion of the thermal energy ol' the working liuid is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and abstracted, and a plurality of movable and stationary instrumentalities receiving the fluid from the last o1 said stages whereby it is fractionally expanded in both said moving and stationary instrumentalities.

36. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a stage comprising expansion-nozzles whereby the ther- IOO ITO

mal energy of the working fluid entering it is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity andmoving blades whereby the energy due to said velocity is absorbed, and a plurality of rows of moving blades and stationary vanes whereby the fluid is fractionally expanded.

'37. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a plurality of successive stages each of which comprises expansion-nozzles whereby the thermal energy of the working liuid entering it is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and moving blades whereby the energy due to said velocity is absorbed, and instrumentalities receiving the fluid from the last of said blades whereby it is fractionally expanded.

38.V In an elastic-fluid turbine, a stage comprising divergent nozzles whereby a portion of the thermal energy of the working Huid is plurality of rows of stationary vanes and Inoving blades whereby the fluid is fractionally expanded. v

39. In an elastic-fluid turbine, stationary divergent nozzles whereby a portion of the thermal energy of the working fluid is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, impulse-blades whereby the energy due to said velocity is abstracted, and a plurality of annular rows of stationary vanes alternating with annular rows of movable impact and reaction blades.

40. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a high-pressure stage comprising a plurality of' expansionnozzles whereby the thermal energy of' the working fluid is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity and impulse-blades whereby the energy due to said velocity is absorbed, and a low-pressure stage compris ing alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades whereby the fluid entering said stage is fractional] y expanded.

41. In an elastic-Huid turbine, a high-pressure stage comprising a plurality of' expansionnozzles whereby the thermal energy of the working fluid is converted into kinetic energy inthe form of velocity and impulse-blades whereby the energy due to said velocity is absorbed, and a low-pressure stage comprising alternate annular rows of stationary vanos and moving blades whereby the fluid entering said stage is fractionally expanded; the vancs in the stationary rows and the blades in the moving rows being shaped and spaced apart so that the expansions occur both between the vanes in the stationary rows and the blades in the moving rows.

42. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a high-pressure stage comprising a plurality of divergent expansion-nozzles whereby a portion of the thermal energy of the working fluid is converted into kinetic energy in the forni of velocity and impulse-blades whereby the energy due to said velocity is fractionally abstracted, and a low-pressure stage comprising alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and reactionblades whereby the fluid entering said stage is fractionally expanded.

In testimony whereof I have signed niy naine to this specification in theprescnce of two subscribing witnesses.

ARCHER DAVIDSON.

lVitnesses:

WILLIAM FRANKLIN Cox, FLAvIUs JosurHUs CHAPMAN. 

